Energy feed
Corn: the "king of feed" reputation. Nutritional characteristics:
High energy, ME (pigs) 14.27 MJ / ㎏. NFN content is high (74%~80%), and mainly starch, CF, 2.0%, high digestibility.
CP content is low, 7.2%~8.9% and poor quality, low content of lysine, tryptophan and methionine.
It contains high fat (3.5%-4.5%), and the content of linoleic acid is about 2%, which is the highest in cereal feed. If the proportion of corn is 50%, it can meet the requirement of linoleic acid.
Yellow corn contains beta-carotene and lutein, which is a good source of vitamin E. Vitamin B contains a lot of vitamin E, which is very low in other vitamins. No vitamin D;
Low calcium content and high phosphorus content, most of which are in the form of phytate, low utilization rate of pig.
Precautions:
Before feeding, it should be crushed, but not easy to be stored. It is good to finish feeding in one week.
Banned feeding mildew corn, pay attention to poison (aflatoxin (< 0.02 ㎎ / ㎏) and gibberellic ketene, aflatoxins are carcinogenic, gibberellic ketene can make ovarian lesions, inhibition of estrus, reduce litter size, first-timer reproductive failure in female pigs and boars libido). It is often used to add demildew agent.
Do not use too much, otherwise it will lead to fat and soft fat. The general dosage is about 60%.
Wheat bran: also called bran, is a by-product of wheat processing, consisting mainly of seed coat, aleurone layer, a small amount of embryo and endosperm. The nutritional value of the wheat bran is mainly determined by the quality of the flour. When producing the fine flour, a considerable portion of the endosperm and the embryo, the seed coat and so on make up the wheat bran, which is of high nutritional value. If the quality of the flour is not high, not only the endosperm is retained in the flour, but even the paste layer also enters the flour, so the nutritional value of the wheat bran is low. Therefore, the nutritional value of wheat bran is very different, the crude fiber is 8.5%-12%, crude protein 12.5%-17%, amino acid composition is better than wheat. Because of the concentration of B vitamins in wheat grains in the aleurone layer and embryo, the vitamin content of group B in wheat bran was high, and the calcium in bran was more than phosphorus, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus was extremely unbalanced. Because of the crude fiber content is higher, so the low energy (ME about 10.5 ~ 12.6 MJ / ㎏), commonly used to adjust the diet energy concentration.
Generally, 15 to 25 percent of the daily grain bran is grown, and the daily ration of weaned piglets is less than 10%. The daily ration of pregnant sows is about 25% to 30%. Due to the moderate amount of coarse fiber and sulfate, it has a laxative effect, and the postpartum sows are fed to the right amount of bran porridge to regulate the digestive tract function.
Rice bran: rice bran is a mixture of three kinds of material, such as seed coat, paste layer and embryo, which is separated from brown rice when processed into white rice. Like bran, its nutritional value is related to the processing degree of white rice. The whiter the rice, the more the substance in the endosperm goes into the rice bran, the higher the rice bran energy is. Rice bran crude protein 12.8%, crude fat content 16.5%, coarse ash 7.5%. Calcium and phosphorous ratio is different, calcium is less phosphorus. Because rice bran fat contains unsaturated fatty acid, storage time long fat will be rancid; High proportion of fattening pig diet will make pig fat spongy. Feeding young piglets is prone to diarrhea. Generally, 10% to 15% of the daily growth of pigs and 30% of large pigs. The rice bran cake, the oil content decreased, the energy value decreased, the other nutrients are similar to the rice bran. The storage period is longer than the rice bran.
Rice husk powder (rice bran) and a small amount of rice bran. Commonly known as "two or eight bran" and "three seven bran", belong to coarse fodder.
Protein feed
Soybean cake (meal) : large soybean cake meal is generally recognized as the best quality in all meal protein feeds. The protein content is 40% to 50%, and the lysine content is 2.45%-2.70%. The content of lysine is the highest among all the cakes and meal, but the content of methionine is low and the palatability is good. The crude fiber is about 5%, the energy value is higher; Rich in nicotinic acid and riboflavin, carotene and vitamin D deficiency; Calcium deficiency.
The following anti-nutrition factors were found in soybean and soybean cake and soybean meal: trypsin inhibitor, agglutinin, thyroid tumor, saponin.
The amount of soybean cake meal in daily grain is about 20%.
Rapeseed cake (meal) : rapeseed protein 34% 38%, methionine content (0.58%) after sesame cake (0.81%), ranked second, arginine content (1.75%) of the lowest in bread wheat classes, but the content of selenium in plant feed in the highest.
Cruciferous such as rapeseed, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and mustard seeds contain sulfur dextrose glucoside, seeds after broken in certain conditions, moisture and temperature by myrosinase (found in rapeseed) and intestinal bacteria, harmful material is hydrolyzed into thiocyanate and isothiocyanates, part of isothiocyanates oxazole alkane ketone of sulfur.
In general, the rapeseed cake in the diet of sows and Suckling sows is not used, not more than 3%, and the growth of fattening pigs is 5% to 8%. If the cabbage seed cake, can increase its dosage in daily grain, growth fattening pig 15%.
After shelling peanut cake (meal) : the peanut cake of metabolic energy level is the highest in bread wheat classes, about 50% protein, good palatability, arginine content is 5.2%, is that all, the highest number of sex of feed, low lysine and methionine were 1.35%, 0.39% respectively. But perishable, not long storage, easy for mildew, the production of aflatoxin, the most toxic to young pigs.
Dosage: no more than 10% of pigs, no need for Suckling piglets, and no more than 4% in other stages.
Fish meal: fish meal is the leftover material left after the processing of whole fish or fish food. It is made of dried, degreased, crushed or steamed, compressed, dried and crushed. The nutritional value of raw materials varies greatly. In Peru and Chile, the imported fishmeal protein was 62% to 65%, and the quality was good, containing 2.5% of sulfur amino acid and 4.9% of lysine. Fat content not exceeding 8%; Vitamin A, D and B vitamins, especially vitamin B12; The mineral quality is high quality, calcium 4.0%, phosphorus 2.85%. Salt content is less than 4%; There are also unknown growth factors.
Precautions:
Use high quality fish powder: golden yellow, fish pine, aromatic fish smell, not musty smell, coke.
Dosage: 2-8%, not more than 10%, best controlled at 0-3%.
Avoid salt poisoning
For high unsaturated fatty acid, easy acid failure, long storage or less use, easy to cause young swine diarrhea; At the same time, the growth of the pig is not used or used less, it will produce soft fat, and it will be stopped in January before the slaughter, so as to avoid the smell of meat.
Pay attention to the adulteration of fish powder.
Use raw fish or raw fish carefully in case of vitamin B1 deficiency.
Mineral feed
Table salt: add sodium and chlorine to improve palatability. The dosage of 0.2% ~ 0.5%
Stone: calcium content in more than 35%, magnesium shall not exceed 0.5%, less than 2 mg/kg, arsenic lead not more than 10 mg/kg, mercury is not more than 0.1 mg/kg, cadmium is not more than 0.75 mg/kg, fluorine does not exceed 2000 mg/kg.
Calcium phosphate: the ratio of calcium phosphate is about 3:2. Its calcium content is 23% above, contain phosphorous 16% above.
Feed additive
Nutritional supplements.
Vitamin additive: only a few parts per million. But the effect was remarkable. Commonly used single or multidimensional.
Trace element additives: iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, etc. When feeding the pig, it is necessary to add trace elements. The commonly used raw materials are inorganic mineral, organic acid mineral salt, amino acid mineral salt.
Amino acid additives: mainly lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine.
Lysine: the first restrictive amino acid for pig feed, mainly using l-lysine hydrochloride.
Methionine: the main use of dl-methionine, the need of the pig is often methionine + cystine.
Nonnutritive additive.
It includes anti-oxidants, anti-mildew agents, growth additives, insect repellent and anti-coccid additives, and suke han biological feed additives. Su Kehan biological feed additives can rapidly improve the digestive ability of animals, improve the feed rate of return, reduce feed conversion, milk and eggs), promote the health of the animals, reduce the die out, is the animal husbandry industry.